![]() They were received compulsory drug treatment when they were detected by police for last drug use, and they have no chance to use drug in the next 2 years. Sixty-three MA dependents who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) criteria from Da Lian Shan Addiction Rehabilitation Center were recruited for the current study. To test this hypothesis, the current study investigated the differences of impulse inhibition across different abstinence stages (short-term and long-term) in MA dependents using the two-choice oddball task. Based on the evidence above, we hypothesized that long-term abstinence (i.e., 10 months or longer) may improve impulse inhibition in MA dependents. ![]() In addition, one study found that a 2-week period of withdrawal improved the right DAT binding and the executive control in MA dependents, suggesting an improvement of prefrontal cognitive control function after abstinence ( 16). Interestingly, one study showed that no difference between long-term abstinent MA dependents and HCs in Stroop RT interference ( 15). In addition, MA dependents were found to exhibit abnormal functional connectivity in the corticostriatal circuits, and the resting functional connectivity of the midbrain with the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in abstinent MA dependents was stronger than that in HC subjects ( 14). One study showed that the basal ganglia of MA dependents were different from those of healthy humans for example, they showed increased extracellular dopamine concentrations and reduced availability of dopamine transporter (DAT) ( 13). Several studies have shown neural abnormalities in MA dependents, which can serve to promote impulsivity in MA dependents. These studies indicate that MA dependents have an impulse inhibition deficit. Moreover, evidence has shown that 56% of MA users have engaged in aggressive behaviors in social situations ( 12). On the other hand, the MA dependent showed significantly worse performance on a test of processing speed ( 11). Previous research studies have investigated the negative impact of MA use in the Stop-signal task and Stroop task, showing a longer stop-signal RT ( 9) and higher error rate ( 10) in MA dependents. Methamphetamine (MA) dependence induces impulsivity ( 7) and causes cognitive function decline ( 8). Therefore, the ability to inhibit impulses is extremely important for humans. Impulsivity is associated with an increased likelihood of addiction ( 4), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 5), and even antisocial behavior ( 6). Impulsivity is defined as a predisposition toward rapid, unplanned reactions to internal, or external stimuli regardless of the potential negative consequences of these reactions ( 1– 3). ![]() Further regression analyses confirmed that the abstinence duration positively predicted impulse inhibition of methamphetamine dependents, both in accuracy and RT for deviant stimulus (β = 0.294, p = 0.019 β = 0.337, p = 0.007).Ĭonclusion: These results suggest that long-term abstinence is more effective in improving impulse inhibition with methamphetamine dependents. Methods: Sixty-three methamphetamine dependents, including 31 short-term ( 0.05). Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the impulse inhibition ability with methamphetamine dependents would vary at different abstinence stages. 2Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.1Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.Weijun Liu 1,2, Yu Tian 1, Xinyu Yan 1,2 and Jiemin Yang 1 *
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